The Ibadi school is the only surviving branch of the Kharijite tradition, named after Abdullah ibn Ibad (~684 AD). The Ibadis moderated the most extreme Kharijite positions: they do not consider all non-Ibadi Muslims to be apostates (mushrikin), only as ‘ingrates’ (kuffar) who are still eligible for legal protection. They reject the title ‘Kharijites’ as a slur. The Ibadi tradition survives primarily in Oman — where it has been the dominant form of Islam since the 8th century and is the official religion of the Sultanate of Oman today. Ibadi communities also exist in Zanzibar, Algeria (the Mzab valley), Libya, and Tunisia. Ibadi jurisprudence is distinct from the four Sunni madhabs and holds a unique position in Islamic law.