The rabbinic catchall term for Jewish heretics — literally ‘kinds’ or ‘species.’ In the Talmudic literature, minim include Jewish Christians, Gnostic Jews, Jewish dualists, and anyone who holds unacceptable theological positions while remaining ethnically Jewish. The Birkat HaMinim (~90 AD) specifically targets them. The Talmud’s most famous min is Elisha ben Abuyah — ‘Acher’ (the Other) — who ‘entered the Pardes’ and became a dualist. His student Rabbi Meir refused to abandon him even after his apostasy.