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Birth of Muhammad
Muhammad ibn Abdullah is born approximately 570 AD in Mecca into the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh. His father Abdullah dies before his birth; his mother Aminah dies when he is six; he is raised first by his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib and then by his uncle Abu Talib. The ‘Year of the Elephant’ — the year of his birth — refers to the Abyssinian viceroy Abraha’s failed attempt to destroy the Ka’ba, turned back (according to Islamic tradition) by a miraculous plague. Muhammad works as a shepherd in his youth and later as a merchant, gaining the reputation of al-Amin (‘the trustworthy’). At age 25 he marries the wealthy widow Khadijah (age 40), who becomes his first and most devoted supporter. He has the practice of retreating to the cave of Hira on Mount Nur outside Mecca for meditation — a practice with clear Hanif resonances.