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Isra and Mi’raj — The Night Journey and Ascension
The Isra (Night Journey) and Mi’raj (Ascension) are among the most significant events in Muhammad’s prophetic career, occurring approximately one year before the Hijra. In the Isra, Muhammad is transported overnight from the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca to the Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem (the ‘furthest mosque’ of Quran 17:1) on the creature Buraq. From Jerusalem, in the Mi’raj, he ascends through the seven heavens, encountering previous prophets (Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus) at successive levels, until he reaches the Divine Presence and receives the command for the five daily prayers (originally fifty, reduced through Moses’s intercession to five). The Night Journey establishes Jerusalem’s sanctity in Islam — making the Temple Mount/al-Haram al-Sharif the third holiest site in Islam after Mecca and Medina. It is celebrated on the 27th of Rajab in the Islamic calendar.