Not a unified movement but a persistent current among Tannaitic Jews who believed the Temple would and must be rebuilt and the sacrificial system restored. The Mishnah’s extensive tractates on Temple service (Kodashim order) are not merely nostalgic memory — they are maintained as living law in anticipation of restoration. Priestly families preserved genealogical records. The Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135 AD) carried strong Temple-restoration hopes; Hadrian’s founding of Aelia Capitolina on the ruins of Jerusalem and his ban on Jewish entry permanently foreclosed practical restoration hopes. The theological transition from Temple to Torah as the center of Jewish life is the central achievement of Rabbinic Judaism.