The most consequential Second Temple sect and the only one whose infrastructure survives 70 AD. Their core claim: Moses received two Torahs at Sinai — written text and an oral tradition of interpretation passed through a chain of transmission (Pirkei Avot 1:1). They democratize holiness: Temple purity codes should apply to all Israelites in daily life. They believe in bodily resurrection, build the synagogue network, and produce the great Hillel-Shammai school debate. Rabbinic Judaism is the survival of Hillelite Pharisaism after everything else is gone.