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Islamic Rejection of Original Sin
Islam explicitly and emphatically rejects the Christian (specifically Augustinian) doctrine of original sin — the idea that Adam and Eve’s transgression transmitted inherited guilt and a corrupted nature to all their descendants. The Quranic account: Adam and Eve sinned in the Garden, repented, and were forgiven immediately (Quran 2:37: ‘Then Adam received words from his Lord, and He accepted his repentance. Indeed, it is He who is the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful’). Their descendants bear no inherited guilt from this event. Quran 6:164 establishes the principle: ‘No bearer of burdens shall bear the burden of another’ — collective or inherited guilt is theologically impossible. Each human being is born in fitra — a state of natural purity and original disposition toward God. Sin is individual, chosen, and forgiven through individual tawbah (repentance). This theological position has profound soteriological consequences: Islam has no need for a savior to remove inherited sin, no doctrine of total depravity requiring irresistible grace, and no sacrifice to satisfy inherited guilt. The Islamic critique of Christianity often centers on this point: why would a just God require the death of an innocent person (Jesus) to forgive the sin of others? The Islamic answer is that he does not — divine mercy is directly and freely accessible to every repentant human being.