Neo-Orthodoxy (or Modern Orthodoxy in its American form) is the movement founded by Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808–1888) in Frankfurt, whose slogan Torah im Derech Eretz (‘Torah with the way of the land’) argued that full engagement with modern secular culture and professional life was not only permissible but obligatory for the Torah-observant Jew. Hirsch opposed both the Reform movement (which compromised halakha) and the emerging Haredi approach (which rejected secular culture entirely). His synthesis — maintaining halakhic observance fully while embracing secular education, aesthetic culture, and civic participation — becomes the template for Modern Orthodoxy. In America, this stream is institutionalized through Yeshiva University (founded 1886) and the rabbinical seminary associated with it (Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary).