Abu Mansur al-Maturidi of Samarkand (853–944 AD) founded the second major school of Sunni kalam theology, alongside the Ashari school. The Maturidi school is associated with the Hanafi legal tradition and is dominant in Central Asia, Turkey, and South Asia. The Maturidis differ from the Asharis on several technical theological points: they give slightly more scope to human reason in knowing good and evil independently of revelation; they hold that faith (iman) is only the inner conviction, not outward works; they are somewhat less stringent in their doctrine of divine predetermination. In practice, the difference between Ashari and Maturidi theology is subtle — both schools represent mainstream Sunni orthodoxy and both use rational methods to defend traditional positions against Mutazilite rationalism on one side and literalist Hanbali fideism on the other.