Source: R. Isaac Luria, Etz Chaim (recorded by R. Chaim Vital); Shaar HaKavanot; Sha’ar HaGilgulim.

Luria’s cosmology: tzimtzum (God’s contraction) → shevirat hakelim (shattering of vessels) → divine sparks scattered through creation. Every sin further darkens scattered sparks; every mitzvah, Torah study, and teshuvah elevates and reunites sparks with their divine source — this is tikkun (repair). Luria introduced kavanot (mystical intentions) for prayer and mitzvot. Also: gilgul neshamot (transmigration of souls) for completing teshuvah across lifetimes. Transforms atonement from legal concept into mystical-cosmic one with reverberations through all worlds.