Adoptionism holds that Jesus was a human being whom God ‘adopted’ as his Son — either at his baptism (when the Spirit descended and a voice said ‘You are my beloved Son’) or at his resurrection. The pre-existent divine Son did not become incarnate; rather, the human Jesus was elevated to divine Sonship through his perfect obedience and God’s act of adoption. Paul of Samosata (Bishop of Antioch, ~260–270 AD) is the most prominent early Adoptionist — he was condemned by a synod in Antioch in 268 AD. Adoptionism recurs in Medieval Spain (the Spanish Adoptionist controversy, ~785–800 AD, associated with Felix of Urgel and Elipandus of Toledo) and is condemned again. It is structurally similar to the Ebionite view of Jesus as a human prophet and to the Islamic understanding of Jesus as a prophet elevated by God. Some contemporary liberal Christologies are functionally adoptionist.