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Mountain Jews Aliyah
Sources: Soviet and post-Soviet migration records; Juhuro community histories from Dagestan, Azerbaijan, and the eastern Caucasus; Israeli absorption accounts.
Mountain Jews, also called Juhuro, migrated to Israel in significant numbers from the 1970s through the 1990s. Their older centers lay in the eastern Caucasus, especially Dagestan and Azerbaijan, where Judeo-Tat language, village and town communities, trade, craft, and regional clan structures shaped identity. Soviet rule secularized public life but did not erase family memory, circumcision, endogamy, cemetery traditions, and communal cohesion. Emigration became easier during the Soviet Jewry movement and expanded after 1991.
In Israel, Mountain Jews formed communities in places such as Hadera, Acre, Beersheba, and the Tel Aviv area while maintaining ties to Moscow, New York, and the Caucasus. The migration belongs to the broader post-Soviet aliyah but is culturally distinct from Ashkenazi Russian-speaking movement. It preserved Juhuro music, food, language memory, and Caucasus social organization while adding Hebrew education, military service, and Israeli civic identity.